The influence of match location,quality of opposition,and match status on technical performance in professional association football     

Joseph B. Taylor  Stephen D. Mellalieu  Nic James  David A. Shearer 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):885-895

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of match location, quality of opposition, and match status on the technical aspects of performance within a single professional British football team. Forty matches from the 2002–2003 and 2003–2004 domestic league seasons were notated post-event using a computerized notational analysis system with 13 on-the-ball behaviours and corresponding outcomes (successful or unsuccessful) assessed. Log-linear modelling procedures indicated that the incidences of all on-the-ball technical behaviours, with the exception of “set-pieces”, were influenced by at least one of the three situation variables, with both independent and interactive effects found. In contrast, logit modelling suggested that there was no general influence of the situation variables on the outcomes of the on-the-ball behaviours. The findings emphasize the need for notational analysts and coaches to consider the potential independent and interactive effects of match location, quality of opposition, and match status when assessing the technical components of football performance, particularly those relating to behaviour occurrence. Future research should consider the effects of additional situation variables purported to influence the mental, physical, technical, and tactical components of football performance.  相似文献   

Force-Time Characteristics of the Exertion and Release of Hand Grip Strength under Normal and Fatigued Conditions     

Joseph Royce 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):444-450

Abstract

A recording, spring-loaded hand ergograph was used to record force-time relationships as 32 young men were tested on a hand dynamometer. Exponential equations were used to describe the changes in hand grip force during development and release. Strength reached half of its maximal value in .08 sec. and three-fourths in .15 sec. During release, the force dropped to the halfway point in .04 sec. and to the three-fourths point in .06 sec. Under conditions of fatigue the rate of buildup of muscular force decreased 50 percent, and the rate of release decreased 150 percent.  相似文献   

A single session of resistance exercise does not reduce postprandial lipaemia     

Stephen F Burns  Heather Corrie  Ester Holder  Thomas Nightingale  David J Stensel 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):251-260

This study investigated the effect of a single session of resistance exercise on postprandial lipaemia. Eleven healthy normolipidaemic men with a mean age of 23 (standard error = 1.4) years performed two trials at least 1 week apart in a counterbalanced randomized design. In each trial, participants consumed a test meal (1.2?g fat, 1.1?g carbohydrate, 0.2?g protein and 68 kJ?·?kg^?1 body mass) between 08.00 and 09.00?h following a 12?h fast. The afternoon before one trial, the participants performed an 88?min bout of resistance exercise. Before the other trial, the participants were inactive (control trial). Resistance exercise was performed using free weights and included four sets of 10 repetitions of each of 11 exercises. Sets were performed at 80% of 10-repetition maximum with a 2?min work and rest interval. Venous blood samples were obtained in the fasted state and at intervals for 6?h postprandially. Fasting plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration did not differ significantly between control (1.03?±?0.13?mmol?·?l^?1) and exercise (0.94?±?0.09?mmol?·?l^?1) trials (mean?± standard error). Similarly, the 6?h total area under the plasma TAG concentration versus time curve did not differ significantly between the control (9.84?±?1.40?mmol?·?l^?1?·?6?h^?1) and exercise (9.38?±?1.12?mmol?·?l^?1?·?6?h^?1) trials. These findings suggest that a single session of resistance exercise does not reduce postprandial lipaemia.  相似文献   

Learning from the Experts: Practice Activities of Expert Decision Makers in Sport     

Joseph Baker  Jean Côté  Bruce Abernethy 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):342-347

Abstract

This study was an experimental investigation of the emotional responses of boys 9 through 15 years of age to highly organized competitive baseball. The subjects were 75 boys who participated in Little League Baseball, 50 boys who were members of Middle League teams, and 80 boys who did not play on an organized team.

The Galvanic Skin Response test was employed to measure the emotional changes of boys participating in league baseball and to compare the results of these tests with those of the same boys participating in softball competition in physical education classes. Insofar as the Galvanic Skin Response test can be taken to be a valid measure of emotional excitation of boys of this age level, the results of this study suggest that youngsters were no more stimulated by competition in league games than they were by competition in physical education games.  相似文献   

A Method for Rapid Collection and Processing of Isokinetic Data     

Louis R. Osternig  James A. Sawhill  Barry T. Bates  Joseph Hamill 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):252-256

Abstract

This study verified earlier anecdotal evidence indicating that spatial assimilations could be reduced by offsetting movements in time. In Experiment 1, 40 right-handed participants (ages 18–23 years) made single and dual quick lever reversals of 20° and 60° with the left and right limbs, respectively. Participants were assigned to either the Overlapping (O) group, in which one limb began when the other limb reached the reversal point, or to the Sequential (S) group in which one limb followed the other with a delay of 114 ms, on average. The shorter-distance limb of the O group overshot relative to the S group. Short-distance spatial assimilations were also shown in the S group in Experiment 2, when the delay was increased to 250, 500, or 1,500 ms (N = 30), suggesting that assimilation effects can be caused by command interactions at both the planning and the execution levels.  相似文献   

Age differences in online processing of video: an eye movement study     

Kirkorian HL  Anderson DR  Keen R 《Child development》2012,83(2):497-507

Eye movements were recorded while sixty-two 1-year-olds, 4-year-olds, and adults watched television. Of interest was the extent to which viewers looked at the same place at the same time as their peers because high similarity across viewers suggests systematic viewing driven by comprehension processes. Similarity of gaze location increased with age. This was particularly true immediately following a cut to a new scene, partly because older viewers (but not infants) tended to fixate the center of the screen following a cut. Conversely, infants appear to require several seconds to orient to a new scene. Results are interpreted in the context of developing attention skills. Findings have implications for the extent to which infants comprehend and learn from commercial video.  相似文献   

Parenting and Child DRD4 Genotype Interact to Predict Children’s Early Emerging Effortful Control     

Heather J. Smith  Haroon I. Sheikh  Margaret W. Dyson  Thomas M. Olino  Rebecca S. Laptook  C. Emily Durbin  Elizabeth P. Hayden  Shiva M. Singh  Daniel N. Klein 《Child development》2012,83(6):1932-1944

Effortful control (EC), or the trait‐like capacity to regulate dominant responses, has important implications for children’s development. Although genetic factors and parenting likely influence EC, few studies have examined whether they interact to predict its development. This study examined whether the DRD4 exon III variable number tandem repeat polymorphism moderated the relation between parenting and children’s EC. Three hundred and eighty‐two 3‐year‐olds and primary caregivers completed behavioral tasks assessing children’s EC and parenting. Children’s DRD4 genotypes moderated the relation between parenting and EC: Children with at least one 7‐repeat allele displayed lower EC in the context of negative parenting than children without this allele. These findings suggest opportunities for modifying early risk for low EC.  相似文献   

Experiences of Motherhood in Counselor Education     

Heather C. Trepal  Tracy A. Stinchfield 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2012,51(2):112-126

This phenomenological study examined 20 tenured and nontenured counselor educators regarding their experiences of motherhood and academia. Two central themes from the interviews emerged: environmental influences (including position flexibility, experienced discrimination, and felt support) and choices and circumstances (including defining and establishing boundaries and accepting decisions). Findings are important for understanding academic mothers’ experiences and underscore the need for additional research in the field that specifically addresses these issues.  相似文献   

A meta‐analytic review of the cover‐copy‐compare and variations of this self‐management procedure     

Laurice M. Joseph  Moira Konrad  Gary Cates  Terra Vajcner  Elisha Eveleigh  Katelyn M. Fishley 《Psychology in the schools》2012,49(2):122-136

Studies that examined copy‐cover‐compare (CCC) and variations of this procedure were reviewed and analyzed. This review revealed a substantial number of studies that validated the use of CCC across spelling and math skills and across students with and without disabilities. A meta‐analysis of findings indicated that CCC and variations of this procedure were effective for helping students acquire and become fluent in academic skills. The strongest effects were evident when CCC and variations of this procedure were combined with other evidence‐based instructional components. Limitations, future directions for research, and recommendations for practice are offered. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

The myth of the foolproof script: can paraprofessionals effectively improve kindergarten student achievement using a scripted phonics program?     

Renarta Hutchinson Tompkins  Nancy Ratcliff  Cathy Jones  Samuel Russell Vaden  Gilbert Hunt  Heather Chase Sheehan 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2012,32(3):313-323

  相似文献